Peripheral artery disorders occur when circulation to the legs and feet becomes restricted because the arteries have narrowed or hardened. As blood flow decreases, the muscles and skin do not receive enough oxygen, leading to cramping during activity, fatigue in the calves, or a heavy feeling that improves with rest. Some people notice their feet feel cooler than usual or see wounds taking much longer to heal. These circulation problems often develop gradually and are influenced by aging, smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, and high blood pressure. Recognizing the early signs matters because untreated poor circulation can lead to infections or chronic ulcers. With proper diagnosis, treatment options can improve comfort and help protect long-term mobility. If you notice persistent foot discomfort, numbness, or slow-healing sores, it is suggested that you see a podiatrist for an evaluation and appropriate care.

Peripheral artery disease can pose a serious risk to your health. It can increase the risk of stroke and heart attack. If you have symptoms of peripheral artery disease, consult with Cory Brown, DPM from Cory Brown, DPM. Our doctor will assess your condition and provide you with quality foot and ankle treatment.

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is when arteries are constricted due to plaque (fatty deposits) build-up. This results in less blood flow to the legs and other extremities. The main cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, in which plaque builds up in the arteries.

Symptoms

Symptoms of PAD include:

• Claudication (leg pain from walking)
• Numbness in legs
• Decrease in growth of leg hair and toenails
• Paleness of the skin
• Erectile dysfunction
• Sores and wounds on legs and feet that won’t heal
• Coldness in one leg

It is important to note that a majority of individuals never show any symptoms of PAD.

Diagnosis

While PAD occurs in the legs and arteries, Podiatrists can diagnose PAD. Podiatrists utilize a test called an ankle-brachial index (ABI). An ABI test compares blood pressure in your arm to you ankle to see if any abnormality occurs. Ultrasound and imaging devices may also be used.

Treatment

Fortunately, lifestyle changes such as maintaining a healthy diet, exercising, managing cholesterol and blood sugar levels, and quitting smoking, can all treat PAD. Medications that prevent clots from occurring can be prescribed. Finally, in some cases, surgery may be recommended.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in Lewiston, ID . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

Foot drop syndrome occurs when a person cannot lift the front of the foot, causing the toes to drag while walking. This can make walking difficult and lead to a high-stepping motion, called a steppage gait. Foot drop can affect one or both feet. It often results from nerve injury, muscle weakness, or brain disorders that affect muscle control. Sometimes, pressure on the peroneal nerve near the knee or trauma to the leg can cause foot drop. A podiatrist can help by checking muscle strength, testing nerve function, and studying foot movement to find the cause. They can order imaging or nerve tests and fit ankle-foot braces or orthotic inserts to improve walking. Surgical remedies can be discussed if nerve or muscle damage is deemed permanent. If you are experiencing symptoms of foot drop when you walk, it is suggested that you make an appointment with a podiatrist for a diagnosis and treatment options.

If you have any concerns about your feet, contact Cory Brown, DPM from Cory Brown, DPM. Our doctor can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

Biomechanics in Podiatry

Podiatric biomechanics is a particular sector of specialty podiatry with licensed practitioners who are trained to diagnose and treat conditions affecting the foot, ankle and lower leg. Biomechanics deals with the forces that act against the body, causing an interference with the biological structures. It focuses on the movement of the ankle, the foot and the forces that interact with them.

A History of Biomechanics

• Biomechanics dates back to the BC era in Egypt where evidence of professional foot care has been recorded.
• In 1974, biomechanics gained a higher profile from the studies of Merton Root, who claimed that by changing or controlling the forces between the ankle and the foot, corrections or conditions could be implemented to gain strength and coordination in the area.

Modern technological improvements are based on past theories and therapeutic processes that provide a better understanding of podiatric concepts for biomechanics. Computers can provide accurate information about the forces and patterns of the feet and lower legs.

Understanding biomechanics of the feet can help improve and eliminate pain, stopping further stress to the foot.

If you have any questions please feel free to contact our office located in Lewiston, ID . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.

Toe numbness is also known as obdormition, which means when  a part of the body "goes to sleep.” Numbness can be a concerning symptom that affects daily comfort and balance. It may result from peripheral neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy, lower levels of vitamin B12, cardiovascular disease, or certain medications that interfere with nerve function. Numbness can appear as tingling, reduced sensation, or a feeling that the toes are asleep. A podiatrist can identify the underlying cause through a detailed examination, provide treatments to improve nerve health, and recommend lifestyle changes or supportive footwear to enhance circulation and comfort. Early evaluation is important to prevent the condition from progressing. If you are experiencing toe numbness, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist who can offer effective relief solutions to restore proper sensation. 

Toe pain can disrupt your daily activities. If you have any concerns, contact Cory Brown, DPM of Cory Brown, DPM. Our doctor can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

What Causes Toe Pain?

Most severe toe pain is caused due to a sports injury, trauma from dropping something heavy on the toe, or bumping into something rigid. Other problems can develop over time for various reasons.

Toe pain can be caused by one or more ailments. The most common include:

• Trauma
• Sports injury
• Wearing shoes that are too tight
• Arthritis
• Gout
• Corns and calluses
• Hammertoe
• Bunions
• Blisters
• Ingrown toenails
• Sprains
• Fractures (broken bones)
• Dislocations

When to See a Podiatrist

• Severe pain
• Persistent pain that lasts more than a week
• Signs of infection
• Continued swelling
• Pain that prevents walking

Diagnosis

In many cases the cause of toe pain is obvious, but in others, a podiatrist may want to use more advanced methods to determine the problem. These can range from simple visual inspections and sensation tests to X-rays and MRI scans. Prior medical history, family medical history, and any recent physical traumatic events will all be taken into consideration for a proper diagnosis.

Treatment

Treatments for toe pain and injuries vary and may include shoe inserts, padding, taping, medicines, injections, and in some cases, surgery. If you believe that you have broken a toe, please see a podiatrist as soon as possible.

If you have any questions please contact our office located in Lewiston, ID . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.

Toenail fungus, also known as onychomycosis, is a common infection that develops in stages. In the early stage, the nail may appear dull or discolored with white or yellow spots. As the infection progresses, the nail thickens, becomes brittle, and may start to lift from the nail bed. In the advanced stage, the nail can become dark, crumbly, and emit an unpleasant odor, often causing discomfort or pain while walking. Toenail fungus is caused by fungi that thrive in warm, moist environments, such as locker rooms and inside shoes. It can spread easily from one nail to another or to other people through shared surfaces. A podiatrist can diagnose the condition through examination and laboratory testing, then provide treatments including antifungal medications or debridement to remove infected nail tissue. Early treatment offers the best results. If you are dealing with toenail fungus, it is suggested that you make an appointment with a podiatrist to restore healthy, clear nails. 

If left untreated, toenail fungus may spread to other toenails, skin, or even fingernails. If you suspect you have toenail fungus it is important to seek treatment right away. For more information about treatment, contact Cory Brown, DPM of Cory Brown, DPM. Our doctor can provide the care you need to keep you pain-free and on your feet.

Symptoms

• Warped or oddly shaped nails
• Yellowish nails
• Loose/separated nail
• Buildup of bits and pieces of nail fragments under the nail
• Brittle, broken, thickened nail

Treatment

If self-care strategies and over-the-counter medications does not help your fungus, your podiatrist may give you a prescription drug instead. Even if you find relief from your toenail fungus symptoms, you may experience a repeat infection in the future.

Prevention

In order to prevent getting toenail fungus in the future, you should always make sure to wash your feet with soap and water. After washing, it is important to dry your feet thoroughly especially in between the toes. When trimming your toenails, be sure to trim straight across instead of in a rounded shape. It is crucial not to cover up discolored nails with nail polish because that will prevent your nail from being able to “breathe”.

In some cases, surgical procedure may be needed to remove the toenail fungus. Consult with your podiatrist about the best treatment options for your case of toenail fungus.  

If you have any questions please contact our office located in Lewiston, ID . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.

Flat feet, a common condition in children, occurs when the arches of the feet do not develop fully. There are two types, which are flexible flat feet, where the arch is visible when the child is sitting but flattens when standing, and rigid flat feet, where the arch is absent even when the foot is at rest. Symptoms include foot pain, difficulty walking, or tripping. In some cases, children may also complain of discomfort in their knees or lower back due to misalignment. Causes include genetic factors, obesity, or developmental issues in the foot's structure. Treatment varies depending on the severity. For flexible flat feet, wearing supportive shoes and using custom orthotics can help. In cases of rigid flat feet or severe pain, a podiatrist may recommend targeted exercises or surgery. If your child is dealing with this condition, it is suggested that you make an appointment with a podiatrist.

Flatfoot is a condition many people suffer from. If you have flat feet, contact Cory Brown, DPM from Cory Brown, DPM. Our doctor will treat your foot and ankle needs.

What Are Flat Feet?

Flatfoot is a condition in which the arch of the foot is depressed and the sole of the foot is almost completely in contact with the ground. About 20-30% of the population generally has flat feet because their arches never formed during growth.

Conditions & Problems:

Having flat feet makes it difficult to run or walk because of the stress placed on the ankles.

Alignment – The general alignment of your legs can be disrupted, because the ankles move inward which can cause major discomfort.

Knees – If you have complications with your knees, flat feet can be a contributor to arthritis in that area.  

Symptoms

• Pain around the heel or arch area
• Trouble standing on the tip toe
• Swelling around the inside of the ankle
• Flat look to one or both feet
• Having your shoes feel uneven when worn

Treatment

If you are experiencing pain and stress on the foot you may weaken the posterior tibial tendon, which runs around the inside of the ankle. 

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in Lewiston, ID . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

Hammertoes occur when one or more toes bend abnormally at the middle joint, often due to muscle imbalance, wearing tight shoes, or underlying structural problems. When conservative treatments such as padding, footwear changes, or splints no longer relieve discomfort, surgery may be considered. Hammertoe surgery aims to straighten the affected toe, relieve pressure, and restore normal alignment. A podiatrist may remove a small piece of bone, release a tightened tendon, or realign the joint, depending on the severity of the deformity. Recovery typically involves rest, wearing protective footwear, and a gradual return to activity with guidance from your podiatrist. If you are experiencing pain, irritation, or difficulty wearing shoes due to a hammertoe, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist to discuss whether surgical correction may be the best option for long-term comfort and function.

Foot surgery is sometimes necessary to treat a foot ailment. To learn more, contact Cory Brown, DPM of Cory Brown, DPM. Our doctor will assist you with all of your foot and ankle needs.

When Is Surgery Necessary?

Foot and ankle surgery is generally reserved for cases in which less invasive, conservative procedures have failed to alleviate the problem. Some of the cases in which surgery may be necessary include:

• Removing foot deformities like bunions and bone spurs
• Severe arthritis that has caused bone issues
• Cosmetic reconstruction

What Types of Surgery Are There?

The type of surgery you receive will depend on the nature of the problem you have. Some of the possible surgeries include:

• Bunionectomy for painful bunions
• Surgical fusion for realignment of bones
• Neuropathy decompression surgery to treat nerve damage

Benefits of Surgery

Although surgery is usually a last resort, it can provide more complete pain relief compared to non-surgical methods and may allow you to finally resume full activity.

Surgical techniques have also become increasingly sophisticated. Techniques like endoscopic surgery allow for smaller incisions and faster recovery times.

If you have any questions, please feel free to contact our office located in Lewiston, ID . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot care needs.

Foot stress fractures are small cracks in the bones of the foot that develop from repeated impact and overuse. They are especially common in athletes and military personnel due to intense physical training. Causes include training errors, sudden increases in activity, and muscle fatigue that reduces the body’s ability to absorb shock. Symptoms often include pain, swelling, and tenderness that worsen with movement. A podiatrist can diagnose stress fractures with imaging tests, recommend rest and supportive footwear, and create a recovery plan to prevent future injury. If you have persistent foot pain during or after activity, it is suggested that you schedule an appointment with a podiatrist who can provide an accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Stress fractures occur when there is a tiny crack within a bone. To learn more, contact Cory Brown, DPM from Cory Brown, DPM. Our doctor can provide the care you need to keep you pain free and on your feet.

How Are They Caused?

Stress fractures are the result of repetitive force being placed on the bone. Since the lower leg and feet often carry most of the body’s weight, stress fractures are likely to occur in these areas. If you rush into a new exercise, you are more likely to develop a stress fracture since you are starting too much, too soon.  Pain resulting from stress fractures may go unnoticed at first, however it may start to worsen over time.

Risk Factors

• Gender – They are more commonly found in women compared to men.
• Foot Problems – People with unusual arches in their feet are more likely to develop stress fractures.
• Certain Sports – Dancers, gymnasts, tennis players, runners, and basketball players are more likely to develop stress fractures.
• Lack of Nutrients – A lack of vitamin D and calcium may weaken the bones and make you more prone to stress fractures
• Weak Bones – Osteoporosis can weaken the bones therefore resulting in stress fractures

Stress fractures do not always heal properly, so it is important that you seek help from a podiatrist if you suspect you may have one. Ignoring your stress fracture may cause it to worsen, and you may develop chronic pain as well as additional fractures.

If you have any questions please contact our office located in Lewiston, ID . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.

For healthcare professionals who spend long hours on their feet, wearing the right shoes is essential for comfort and safety. Proper footwear provides traction to prevent slips and falls, along with cushioning and support to reduce fatigue and joint strain. Wearing the wrong shoes can lead to plantar fasciitis, bunions, calluses, or back and knee pain, over time. Investing in well-fitted, supportive shoes helps maintain proper posture and overall wellness during long shifts. A podiatrist can assess your feet, recommend the best shoe styles, and provide custom orthotics for additional support. If you have foot pain, it is suggested that you consult a podiatrist who can treat various foot conditions and guide you on the correct shoes to wear for your demanding workday. 

While working on the feet, it is important to take the proper care of them. For more information about working on your feet, contact Cory Brown, DPM from Cory Brown, DPM. Our doctor will treat your foot and ankle needs.

Working on Your Feet

Standing on your feet for long periods of time can cause stress and pain in your feet. Your whole body may experience change in terms of posture, back pain, bunions, callouses and or plantar warts. There are ways to avoid these conditions with proper foot care, smart choices and correct posture.

Positive Changes

Negative heeled shoe – Choosing this shoe type places the heel slightly lower than the ball of the foot. These are great for overall foot health. Find shoes that fit you correctly.

Go barefoot – Our feet were not designed to be enclosed for all hours of the day. Try to periodically expose your feet to air.

Eliminate Pain

Foot Exercises – Performing simple exercises, incorporating yoga and doing stretches are beneficial. This will allow increased blood flow to the area and muscles of the foot.

Achilles tendon – Stretching the foot out flat on the floor will relax the calf muscles and tendon. These exercises can be performed almost anywhere. Make sure you add these exercises to your daily regimen. 

With a little bit of this information and knowing more about foot health, you will notice changes. Foot stretches and proper footwear will help with pain and prevent further issues.

If you have any questions please contact our office located in Lewiston, ID . We offer the newest diagnostic and treatment technologies for all your foot and ankle needs.